Voltage

    Voltage (also called electric potential difference, electromotive force, or EMF) is the electrical force that drives electrons to flow in a circuit. Imagine it as the "pressure" pushing the current of electrons. 

• Units: Voltage is measured in volts (V).
• Analogy: Think of voltage like water pressure in a pipe. The higher the pressure, the greater the force of the water flow. Similarly, the higher the voltage, the greater the force pushing the flow of electrons (current).
• Ohm's Law: Voltage, current, and resistance are fundamentally related. Ohm's Law states that: Voltage (V) = Current (I) x Resistance (R)

Types of Voltage

• DC Voltage: Direct current flows continuously in one direction (for example batteries).
• AC Voltage: Alternating current changes direction periodically (for example: household power outlets).

Voltage in Circuits

• Ohm's Law: The fundamental relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) is expressed by the formula: V = I * R
• Series Circuits: Voltage is divided among the components in a series circuit.
• Parallel Circuits: Voltage is the same across all components of a parallel circuit.

Measuring Voltage

Voltmeter: A device used to measure electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. It must be connected in parallel to the component or section you are measuring.

Study Notes

• Voltage is the driving force of electrical current.
• Voltage is measured in volts.
• DC voltage flows in one direction, and AC voltage changes periodically.
• Ohm's Law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.
• Voltage is divided across components in a series circuit.
• Voltage stays the same across components in a parallel circuit.
• Voltage sources include batteries, generators, and power supplies.
• Voltage is measured with a voltmeter, connected in parallel across a component or circuit.
• Higher voltage can potentially be dangerous, so always take precautions when working with electricity.
• A circuit without a complete path for the electrons to flow will have voltage present but no current.

Short Notes

• Voltage = potential difference = electromotive force (EMF).
• Unit: volt (V).
• Symbol: V or E.
• Causes electrons to flow (current).
• Higher voltage = stronger push.

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